75,231 research outputs found
Modelling of Supercapacitors: Factors Influencing Performance
The utilizable capacitance of Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (EDLCs) is a function of the frequency at which they are operated and this is strongly dependent on the construction and physical parameters of the device. We simulate the dynamic behavior of an EDLC using a spatially resolved model based on the porous electrode theory. The model of Verbrugge and Liu (J. Electrochem. Soc. 152, D79 (2005)) was extended with a dimension describing the transport into the carbon particle pores. Our results show a large influence of the electrode thickness (Le), separator thickness (Ls) and electrolyte conductivity (κ) on the performance of EDLCs. In agreement with experimental data, the time constant was an increasing function of Le and Ls and a decreasing function of κ. The main limitation was found to be on the scale of the whole cell, while transport into the particles became a limiting factor only if the particle size was unrealistically large. The results were generalized into a simplified relation allowing for a quick evaluation of performance for the design of new devices. This work provides an insight into the performance limitation of EDLCs and identifies the critical parameters to consider for both systems engineers and material scientists
Clustering Time Series from Mixture Polynomial Models with Discretised Data
Clustering time series is an active research area with applications in many fields. One common feature of time series is the likely presence of outliers. These uncharacteristic data can significantly effect the quality of clusters formed. This paper evaluates a method of over-coming the detrimental effects of outliers. We describe some of the alternative approaches to clustering time series, then specify a particular class of model for experimentation with k-means clustering and a correlation based distance metric. For data derived from this class of model we demonstrate that discretising the data into a binary series of above and below the median improves the clustering when the data has outliers. More specifically, we show that firstly discretisation does not significantly effect the accuracy of the clusters when there are no outliers and secondly it significantly increases the accuracy in the presence of outliers, even when the probability of outlier is very low
Combinatorial Bounds and Characterizations of Splitting Authentication Codes
We present several generalizations of results for splitting authentication
codes by studying the aspect of multi-fold security. As the two primary
results, we prove a combinatorial lower bound on the number of encoding rules
and a combinatorial characterization of optimal splitting authentication codes
that are multi-fold secure against spoofing attacks. The characterization is
based on a new type of combinatorial designs, which we introduce and for which
basic necessary conditions are given regarding their existence.Comment: 13 pages; to appear in "Cryptography and Communications
On the inverse Compton scattering model of radio pulsars
Some characteristics of the inverse Compton scattering (ICS) model are
reviewed. At least the following properties of radio pulsars can be reproduced
in the model: core or central emission beam, one or two hollow emission cones,
different emission heights of these components, diverse pulse profiles at
various frequencies, linear and circular polarization features of core and
cones.Comment: 5 pages, no figures, LaTeX, a proceeding paper for Pacific Rim
Conference on Stellar Astrophysics, Aug. 1999, HongKong, Chin
A Computation in a Cellular Automaton Collider Rule 110
A cellular automaton collider is a finite state machine build of rings of
one-dimensional cellular automata. We show how a computation can be performed
on the collider by exploiting interactions between gliders (particles,
localisations). The constructions proposed are based on universality of
elementary cellular automaton rule 110, cyclic tag systems, supercolliders, and
computing on rings.Comment: 39 pages, 32 figures, 3 table
Learning Dilation Factors for Semantic Segmentation of Street Scenes
Contextual information is crucial for semantic segmentation. However, finding
the optimal trade-off between keeping desired fine details and at the same time
providing sufficiently large receptive fields is non trivial. This is even more
so, when objects or classes present in an image significantly vary in size.
Dilated convolutions have proven valuable for semantic segmentation, because
they allow to increase the size of the receptive field without sacrificing
image resolution. However, in current state-of-the-art methods, dilation
parameters are hand-tuned and fixed. In this paper, we present an approach for
learning dilation parameters adaptively per channel, consistently improving
semantic segmentation results on street-scene datasets like Cityscapes and
Camvid.Comment: GCPR201
Giant suppression of the Drude conductivity due to quantum interference in disordered two-dimensional systems
Temperature and magnetic field dependences of the conductivity in heavily
doped, strongly disordered two-dimensional quantum well structures
GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs are investigated within wide conductivity and
temperature ranges. Role of the interference in the electron transport is
studied in the regimes when the phase breaking length crosses over the
localization length with lowering temperature,
where and are the Fermi quasimomentum and mean free path,
respectively. It has been shown that all the experimental data can be
understood within framework of simple model of the conductivity over
delocalized states. This model differs from the conventional model of the weak
localization developed for and by one point: the
value of the quantum interference contribution to the conductivity is
restricted not only by the phase breaking length but by the
localization length as well. We show that just the quantity
rather than
, where is the dephasing time and
, is responsible for the temperature and
magnetic field dependences of the conductivity over the wide range of
temperature and disorder strength down to the conductivity of order .Comment: 11 pages, 15 figure
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